How to change the file permission in Linux?
To change the file or folder permission in Linux you’ll need to have better understanding to SSH into your account using PuTTY.  Make sure to have root access and sudo privilages to have the full access of the entire system.
Example:
By typing this Linux Command ls -al
You will notice how file being listed and how to interpret it.

Explanation for drwxrwxrwx
- If any of these letters is replaced with a hyphen (-), it means that permission is not granted for a particular user or group.

- To change ownership on a whole folder and everything inside it you need to use the recursive argument for the chown command. Note the “-R” in the following example.

Syntax: chown -R owner:group foldername or filename

Chown command – Changed the ownership of the file or group.

Type: Sudo chown -R rolan:rolan html cake

Note: html and cake were 2 directories. (-R), Use this syntax to change the      ownership of the file or directory recursively.

drwxr-xr-x
= A folder which has read, write and execute permissions for the owner, but only read and execute permissions for the group and for other users.

-rw-rw-rw-
= A file that can be read and written by anyone, but not executed at all.

-rw-r–r–
= A file that can be read and written by the user, but only read by the group and everyone else.

777 is the same as rwxrwxrwx
755 is the same as rwxr-xr-x
666 is the same as rw-rw-rw-
744 is the same as rwxr–r–

- To change the permission of the file to be writable, and readable by anyone.

Syntax: chmod Numeric Permission File or Directory

chmod: The chmod command changes the permissions on the files listed.
Type:  sudo chmod -R 777 html

Numeric Permissions:
CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:
400 read by owner
040 read by group
004 read by anybody (other)
200 write by owner
020 write by group
002 write by anybody
100 execute by owner
010 execute by group
001 execute by anybody
040 read by group
004 read by anybody (other)
200 write by owner
020 write by group
002 write by anybody
100 execute by owner
010 execute by group
001 execute by anybody

Hope you’ll find this helpful.

If your site stores a large amount of data on MySQL Database and you wish to restore and run via localhost, you will most definitely want to import the database file quickly.

There are several ways on how to import large MySQL Database File on your localhost and server using different methods. In this article, definitely my experienced also. We’ll look at how to import MySQL Database file using DOS Command. We will also learn on how to achieve an automatic import solution to make the process easily and quickly.

Here’s how:

Launch your Command Window and type:
cd c:xampp\mysql\bin
it should be writen this way
-> c:xampp\mysql\bin>mysql -h localhost -u root -p roofing < c:\xampp\mysql\data\db.sql

where roofing is the name of your database that you have created on the phpMyAdmin GUI.
and c:\xampp\mysql\data\db.sql -> the path of your database file to be imported.

When finished typing, just hit enter, you’ll be prompt to enter you mysql password, if you set to none then leave blank andpress enter again. DONE! your database table have been imported.

The Image below explains the exact syntax I’ve used.

How To Access MySQL Using Windows Command Prompt

The following tutorial assumes that you already have downloaded and installed MySQL on your Windows machine.

From inside Windows here’s how you would access MySQL this way:

1) Launch a Command Window.
[NOTE: you can also get to it by going to START->RUN and typing: cmd

2) On the Command Prompt Window type: cd c:\mysql\bin
(or change directory to the location that you installed if you didn’t use the default install location)

3) if you don’t have a password set yet, then you can set it easily by typing the following:

mysqladmin -u root password new_password

where new_password is the new password that you would like to use.

4) next, when you have already set a custom MySQL root password (step #3) then type: mysql -u root -p

PROBLEM #1: if you receive a message asking for your password then enter the custom password (you’ll see asterisk instead of the password). If for some reason you can’t figure out the password you can reset it by following the instructions here: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/Resetting_permissions.html

PROBLEM #2: If you receive a message that indicates the MySQL server isn’t running then you can start the MySQL service from within the Command Prompt by entering the following: net start mysql — you can also see a list of all running NET services by typing: net start

5) next, if the MySQL server is running and you entered in your password correctly you should now be set to communicate directly with the MySQL server from the Command Prompt just like you would if you were telnet or SSH to MySQL on a server. The command prompt should look like this now:

mysql>

You can now view your available database by typing: show databases

help command – Display brief info on a bash (shell) build-in command. Just type “help”.

Navigating Files, Folders and Directory using Linux

Creating, Moving Directory and File using Linux Commands

Deleting files and Directory using Linux Command

rm -r = (recursive remove) Remove files, directories, and their sub directories. Careful with this command as root–you can easily remove all files on the system with such a command executed on the top of your directory tree, and there is no undelete in Linux (yet). But if you really wanted to do it (reconsider), here is how (as root): rm -rf /*

Copy Files and Directory using Linux Command

The cp command is used to copy files and directories. The copies become independent of the originals (i.e., a subsequent change in one will not affect the other). When a copy is made of a file or directory, the copy must have a different name than the original if it is to be placed in the same directory as the original. However, the copy can have the same name if it is made in a different directory.

cp’s basic syntax:
cp [options] name/filename new_filename

cp -r [directory] [new directory] = Copies a directory and all files/directories in it.
ex. cp -r foo /home/rolan/foo – this will copy foo directory under rolan’s directory.

cp [filename] [new filename] = to copy file in the same directory.

To use Putty, you need to have a basic knowledge in Linux Command. PuTTY allows Windows users to connect to remote systems over the Internet via Telnet and SSH. Both Telnet and SSH allows you to connect to remote systems. This is very useful applications used to secure file transfers over the Internet and it’s hard for others to intercept passwords and other private information.

What is PuTTY and how to use it?

PuTTY is a terminal emulator application which can act as a client for the SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP computing protocols. The name “PuTTY” has no definitive meaning, though ‘tty’ is the name for a terminal in the Unix tradition, usually held to be short for teletype.

For Windows and Unix, You can download PuTTY here.

How to use PuTTY with SSH?
here is my guide:

1.) Run the putty.exe file
After you run the PuTTY file this following window will appear on your screen.

On this example, I used “www.example.com” as a Hostname but you can also input directly the IP Address of the Website to connect remotely.

On the Saved Sessions, just type any name that you want (Mine is “Session1″) and then click save to save the Sessions. The next time you connect to your PuTTY, just input the Hostname/IP Address then click the name of the Save Sessions to continue.

2.) After you input all the correct info, click Open button. The following window will appear.

This is the basic knowledge on how to use PuTTY SSH Client. You can start now using some of the basic Linux Command which I’ll be posting here in the coming days, so stay in touch.